2015年11月27日星期五

Forecast: Chips for low-grade tabletpc and ARM or MIPS computer

Chips for low-grade tabletpc, low-grade ARM or MIPS computer, or another embedded devices:
CPU unit:
The cpu use ARM or MIPS instruction set. Most of cpu use ARM instruction set.
If the cpu use ARM instruction set,the clock rate is greater than or equal to 1.5Ghz. (whether single core or multiple core)
Now,most of ARM instruction CPU use Cortex A9 or newer scheme
The cpu include single core, double core or multiple core CPU. Such as: Cortex-A9 1.5Ghz Single core, Cortex-A9 1.5Ghz Dual core, Cortex-A7 Quad core, or more higher performance CPU.
All of the CPU have 32KB instruction cache, 32KB data cache, and have L2 cache greater than or equal to 512KB
Some of the cpu have NEON SMID
If the cpu's occupancy is not full load,can auto reduce clock rate and power waste. All of the clock rate of CPU can be reduced to 60MHz at lowest or more lower.
If the main chip have double core or multiple core CPU,if one of CPU will not be full load,the others CPU will be shuted down auto,so can save powersupply.

Some functions of display:
If the GPU's occupancy is not full load,can auto reduce clock rate and power waste,or auto shut down the GPU
Support LVDS, TTL, RGB interface of LCD screen (can support all common kinds of LVDS,TTL,RGB interface of LCD screen)
Support Displayport output
All have a RAMDAC in main chip,can support VGA (RGB) output
Can connect video DAC chipset to support YCbCr,S-video,CVBS output (optional function)
* Most of not support HDMI output,so can reduce the cost of the chipset.
But a few of support HDMI output


DSP unit:
This kind of DSP unit is an open source hardware scheme
Support VP8 (higher than 1920*1080 30fps max), VP6, H.263 decoding and encoding by hardware
Support JPEG,GIF,TIF (LZW),PNG,WEBP image high efficiency decoding and encoding by hardware  (Decode or encode high resolution JPEG image, the speed is very fast.)
Support multifarious transition effect and ZOOM for video and image
Support RGB and YUV (YCbCr,whether PAL or NTSC) color mode mutual convert by hardware (higher than 1920*1080 30fps max)
Support multi-color display by hareware (When not use GPU)
Support Mp3 (320kbps max,support mp3 vbr/abr), MPC, OGG (q10 max,support multichannel), Wavpack (support lossy and lossless), APE, FLAC (support multichannel), TTA decoding by hardware
Support Mp3 (320kbps max,support mp3 vbr/abr),MPC,OGG (encode two channel q10 rate's speed is more faster than real time),Wavpack (support lossy and lossless) ,FLAC, TTA encode by hardware.The encoding's speed is more faster than real time.But if encode very high rate of lossless formats (as encode multi channel or high sampling rate wavpack,flac or TTA),the encoding speed will be slower.
Support audio mix, Sample rate conversion, and some EQ sound by hardware.
Support max to 72 polyphonys for MIDI fm synthesize by hardware.

* This kind of DSP unit will not support H.264,VC-1,WMV9,DIVx,MPEG2, MPEG2 layer 1 & 2 audio, WMA, AAC, AC3 ect. encoding and decoding by hardware, because these formats have patent now and future, so can reduce the cost of the chipset.
But some of(not too many) support H.264 encoding and decoding by hardware, for some middle-grade tabletpc

Other function of the main chipset:
These functions also use open source hardware scheme.
Support intelligent Power Manger function
Have real time colck function
Support DDR3 RAM and LPDDR2 RAM (Support Dual channel RAM)
Support NAND Flash
Support eMMC
Support SRAM/Nor Flash/SPI NOR Flash
Support MCL/TLC NAND FLASH
Support eMMC port,can installation INand etc. device
Support SD/MMC card
Support one USB 2.0 OTG port. Can connect to PC (as a usb slave)(Can brush fireware,usb debug mode on android,usb disk mode on android etc.).The USB OTG port also can be used as a USB 2.0 Host (master).
Support 4* USB 2.0 port (USB host) or more
Support one USB3.0 port
Support 2* SATA 3.0 port
Support some PCI-express 1x bus
Have MAC controller function,support MII/RMII and 7-wire SNI,can connect ethernet PHY or WIFI RF transceiver chipset
Support SDIO port
Have one TS stream input port (Can support DVB-SH,DVB-T,DMB-TH,ISDB-T etc. digital TV demodulation chipset.)
Have 4* UART Controller (also can support debug,BlueTooth,GPS,Modem etc.)
Have 2* SPI port
Have 4* I2C port
Have 2* TWI port
Support 4-wire Resistive TP interface
Support capacitive touch screen and resistive touch screen (Support TP port)
Support Irda infrared transmission function
Support 2* image input port for camera sensor (support 8bits CCIR656, 10bits/12bits Raw data etc.)
Support Gravity sensor , Compass and Gyroscope
Support some sensor input port,as temperature,humidity,Illumination,Air pressure,Acceleration etc.
Support GPIO
Support JTAG
Support CAN bus
Support one Segment display, and one dot matrix display (Compatible ESC/POS commands)
Support some buttons,such as: Power, reset, vol+, vol-, back, menu, home. And have pins for a few of customise button.
Can connect a external video capture chip (video ADC chip),so can support VGA(RGB), YCbCr, S-video, CVBS-video input (Optional function)

All of have a audio DAC/ADC in the main chip,support 2 channel audio,max to 192Khz 32bit per channel acquisition and playback. Support one audio output port (earphone port),two way audio input port (line in),one micphone port.
The signal-to-noise ratio must  greater than or equal to 90db.
Have another I2S bus to connect external audio DAC/ADC
Have SPDIF output & input port

Have a BROM in the main chipset,the BROM can't be brushed.The BROM have these functions:
1 Boot from Nandflash on the system(bootloader on the Nandflash)(in default)
2 Boot from SD/MMC card (if a SD/MMC card have inserted,and have bootloader on the SD/MMC card)
3 Can brush the Nandflash on the system.If the system power on,and user will hold the special button,and use the USB Slave port to connect to PC,and need to run brush software on PC, can brush the data into the NAND FLASH(brush new ROM into NAND FLASH). (Such as a Usb Hardware Programmer function.)

All of the main chipset have a ramdac in it,to support VGA output

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The public PCB board designing:
The main chip and the PCB board designing, for low-grade and some of middle-grade tabletpc, and for set-top-box, if the chip's brand is same, when the brand will release new chip (as the upgraded version of the old chip),the PCB board designing will be same.
Even some different brand of the main chips, the PCB designing will be still same.
So can greatly reduce the cost.
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Bootloader and drivers of the chips:
All manufacturers of the main chip (for low-grade tabletpc, or for set-top-box), all will release the bootloader image (usually as "boot.img" file). And also release the main chip's driver package(for Linux kernel), and the display driver package(GPU driver)(for Linux kernel).
So user can be easy to install anyother Linux operating system and install drivers to the tabletpc (or set-top-box).
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This chipset scheme is also used for Cash register,ATM register,POS register,Financial machine (The tax control machine),
Self-service machine (such as The query engine,Numbering machine etc.) etc.
In future,Cash register,ATM register,POS register,Financial machine (The tax control machine),Self-service machine etc. all not use PC framework and x86 CPU.


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